Americans United for Life

Americans United for Life protects and defends human life from conception to natural death through vigorous legislative, judicial, and educational leadership.

News

Americans United for Life at Philadelphia’s ‘Rally Against Bullying’




On Friday May 10th, Americans United for Life attended a massive pro-life rally at a Planned Parenthood in Philadelphia where Pennsylvania Representative Brian Sims harassed young girls and an elderly woman. We interviewed attendees to see what they thought about the event, and why they showed up.

We also attempted to go to Sims’ office just a few blocks away from the Planned parenthood to speak with him. However, we were turned away by a secretary who refused to allow us to go in.

Gina Christian reports on the rally that drew more than 1,000:

The “Pro-Life Rally Against Bullying” took place in front of a downtown Philadelphia Planned Parenthood facility. On May 2, state Rep. Brian Sims livestreamed video from the same location, posting two videos in which he denounced two women, three teenagers and a man.

Sims called for donations to Planned Parenthood while offering money to viewers who could provide the identities and addresses of the witnesses.

Shortly after the videos emerged on social media, the national organization Live Action organized the rally. It featured representatives from a number of local and national groups…

Several speakers directly addressed Sims’ claims that the pro-life advocates he had filmed were racist.

Richara Krajewski of the Pro-Life Union of Greater Philadelphia said she stood before the crowd “as a pro-life black woman.”

Noting that “it’s so popular now to call out racism,” Krajewski wished to clarify that application of the term, particularly “in the context of pro-abortion politics.”

“Real racism,” she said, “is co-opting the language of liberation to advocate for the destruction of the lives of the most vulnerable. Real racism is a so-called white ally telling black and brown women that they need to choose between their dreams and their babies.”

Women Speak 2019: A Symposium on Life Without Roe



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Women Speak
A Symposium on Life Without Roe

Women Speak 2019 took place on May 1st at The Heritage Foundation, bringing together experts and leaders in law, medicine, economics, and the media, to explore the current cultural and political paradigm that falsely argues abortion is necessary for women’s advancement in society.

Watch Women Speak 2019:
A Symposium on Life Without Roe

YouTube  • Facebook

Schedule

8:30 a.m. – Registration
9:00 a.m. – Welcoming Remarks by Melanie Israel
9:10 a.m. – Opening Remarks by Catherine Glenn Foster
9:20-9:35 a.m. – Congressional Address by Rep. Vicky Hartzler
9:40-9:55 a.m. – Congressional Address by Rep. Debbie Lesko
10:00-10:30 a.m. – Law & Policy
10:35-11:05 a.m. – Women’s Health
11:05 a.m. – Break
11:15 a.m. – Presentation of the “Defender of Life” Award
11:30 a.m. – Culture
12:05 p.m. – Closing Remarks
12:15 p.m. – Lunch

Meghan McCain
“Defender of Life in the Media” Honoree

Women Speak 2019 Snapshots

Speakers

Welcome

Melanie Israel
Research Associate in the DeVos Center for Religion and Civil Society
The Heritage Foundation

Melanie Israel is a Research Associate in the DeVos Center for Religion and Civil Society at the Heritage Foundation. Her research and commentary addresses issues such as life, conscience, and religious freedom. Israel hails from East Texas and earned a Bachelor’s degree in History at the University of Texas. Before joining Heritage she worked on the Senate Judiciary Committee for Senator Ted Cruz.

Congressional Addresses

Congresswoman Vicky Hartzler (MO-4)
U.S. House of Representatives

Vicky Hartzler proudly represents the good people of Missouri’s 4th Congressional District which is comprised of 24 counties in West-Central Missouri.

Vicky grew up on a farm in Cass County, learning the value of hard work, family values, and a reliance on God. These values have guided her life as she attended and graduated from Archie High School, the University of Missouri, and the University of Central Missouri. They inspired her as she taught public school for 11 years in Lebanon and Belton, and as she joined her husband in a small business.

Vicky began her public service in 1994 when she successfully ran for State Representative in the Missouri General Assembly, where she served for six years. She was elected to Congress in 2010 and serves on the House Armed Services and Agriculture Committees. She currently serves as Ranking Member of the Tactical Air and Land Subcommittee on the House Armed Services Committee and is the Chairwoman of the House Values Action Team.

Vicky, her husband Lowell, and their daughter, Tiffany, reside on a working farm near Harrisonville in Cass County.

Congresswoman Debbie Lesko (AZ-8)
U.S. House of Representatives

Congresswoman Debbie Lesko represents Arizona’s 8th Congressional District. In May 2018, she was sworn in to the U.S. House of Representatives after winning a special election and was recently reelected for a full two-year term. For the 116th Congress, Congresswoman Lesko serves on the House Judiciary, House Rules, and House Homeland Security Committees. She also serves as the Co-Chair of the Congressional Caucus for Women’s Issues.

Prior to her role in the U.S. House of Representatives, Congresswoman Lesko served in the Arizona Legislature for nine years – the last three of which were in the Arizona Senate. She served as Senate President Pro-Tempore and Chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee. She was honored by numerous organizations during her time at the Arizona Legislature, including, “Champion of the Taxpayer”, “Guardian of Small Business” and “Senator of the Year.”

Congresswoman Lesko received her Bachelor’s degree from the University of Wisconsin. She lives in Peoria with her husband, Joe, and they have three children.

Law & Policy

Catherine Glenn Foster, M.A., J.D.
President & CEO, Americans United for Life

Catherine Glenn Foster serves as President & CEO of Americans United for Life, America’s first national pro-life organization and the nation’s premier pro-life legal team. Learn more.

Helen Alvaré
Professor of Law, Antonin Scalia School of Law at George Mason University

Helen Alvaré is a Professor of Law at Antonin Scalia Law School, George Mason University, where she teaches Family Law, Law and Religion, and Property Law. She publishes on matters concerning marriage, parenting, non-marital households, and the First Amendment religion clauses. She is faculty advisor to the law school’s Civil Rights Law Journal, and the Latino/a Law Student Association, a member for the Dicastery for Laity, Family, and Life (Vatican City), an advisor to the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops (Washington, D.C.), founder of WomenSpeakforThemselves.com, and an ABC news consultant. She cooperates with the Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations as a speaker and a delegate to various United Nations conferences concerning women and the family.

In addition to her books, and her publications in law reviews and other academic journals, Professor Alvaré publishes regularly in news outlets including the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Huffington Post, and USA Today. She also speaks at academic and professional conferences in the United States, Europe, Latin America and Australia. Prior to joining the faculty of Scalia Law, Professor Alvaré taught at the Columbus School of Law at the Catholic University of America; represented the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops before legislative bodies, academic audiences and the media; and was a litigation attorney for the Philadelphia law firm of Stradley, Ronon, Stevens & Young. Professor Alvaré received her law degree from Cornell University School of Law and her master’s degree in Systematic Theology from the Catholic University of America.

Teresa Collett
Professor, University of St. Thomas School of Law

Teresa Collett, J.D., is a professor at the University of St. Thomas School of Law, where she serves as director of the school’s Pro-life Center. Collett received her doctorate at the University of Oklahoma College of Law. As a well-known advocate for the protection of human life and the family, Collett specializes in the subjects of marriage, religion, and bioethics in her research.

Collett has published numerous legal articles and is the co-author of a law casebook on professional responsibility and co-editor of a collection of essays exploring “catholic” and “Catholic” perspectives on American law. She is an elected member of the American Law Institute and has testified before committees of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives, as well as before legislative committees in several states.

In 2009, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Collett to a five-year term on the Pontifical Council for the Family. Her appointment was renewed by His Holiness Pope Francis until 2016 when the responsibilities of the Council were assumed by the Dicastery for the Laity, Family, and Life. In 2013, she served as a delegate to the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) for the Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations.

She represented Congressman Ron Paul and various medical groups in the defense of the U.S. federal ban of partial-birth abortion, and the governors of Minnesota and North Dakota defending the N.H. requirement of state parental involvement prior to performance of an abortion on a minor before the U.S. Supreme Court. Collett is often asked to represent the interests of government officials before federal appellate courts.

She has served as special attorney general for the states of Oklahoma and Kansas, as well as assisting other state attorneys general in defending laws protecting human life and marriage. Prior to joining St. Thomas in 2003, Collett taught at the South Texas College of Law, where she established the nation’s first annual symposium on legal ethics.

Women’s Health

Dr. Martha Shuping, M.D.

Dr. Martha Shuping, M.D., practices psychiatry in Winston-Salem, NC, and is adjunct faculty at Belmont Abbey College (Belmont, NC). She is also a faculty associate of the Catholics for Family Peace Education and Research Initiative within the Consortium for Catholic Social Teaching, National Catholic School of Social Service, Catholic University of America.
 
Dr. Shuping graduated from Wake Forest University School of Medicine (1984) and completed her psychiatry residency Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center (1988). In 2014, she graduated “with commendation” from Harvard Medical School’s Global Clinical Scholars Research Training. She also has an M.A. in Pastoral Ministry from the University of Dayton (Ohio).
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She has more than thirty years experience in helping women and men with abortion recovery issues. She has facilitated more than 50 Rachel’s Vineyard weekend retreats, and has trained Catholic and Protestant clergy and ministry teams in the U.S., Europe, and Asia in the Rachel’s Vineyard model. She also has provided continuing education workshops for medical doctors, nurses, and counselors related to abortion recovery issues.

Dr. Shuping is a co-author of published research on abortion and women’s mental health, and co-author of the self-help book, The Four Steps to Healing (available in paperback through Amazon). She authored three chapters in the book Peace Psychology Perspectives on Abortion (2016), also available on Amazon.

She has presented workshops on abortion and mental health issues at the United Nations, and in more than twenty countries.


Priscilla K. Coleman, Ph.D.
Professor of Human Development and Family Studies, Bowling Green State University Director, World Expert Consortium for Abortion Research and Education

A major concentration of Dr. Coleman’s research has been on the mental health effects of abortion. The outlets for her 60 peer-reviewed journal articles have been primarily in psychology (developmental, clinical, and social areas) and medicine and Dr. Coleman is currently serving on the editorial boards for five international psychology and medical journals. Dr. Coleman frequently presents her research to audiences across the U.S. and abroad. She has recently spoken in Australia, Chile, Ecuador, England, Germany, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Poland, Portugal, and Scotland, including presentations given to houses of parliament in England, New South Wales, Northern Ireland, and Queensland. Dr. Coleman has published more peer-reviewed studies on abortion and mental health than any other researcher in the world and she is often called upon to serve as a content expert in state and civil cases involving abortion.

Culture

Alexandra DeSanctis
Staff Writer, National Review

Alexandra DeSanctis is a staff writer at National Review, where she covers U.S. politics and elections, abortion policy, and the pro-life movement. After graduating from the University of Notre Dame in 2016, she worked for two years as a William F. Buckley Jr. Fellow in Political Journalism with the National Review Institute. Alexandra co-hosts the “Ordered Liberty” podcast with National Review senior writer David French. She has been published in the Wall Street Journal, The Atlantic, and the Washington Examiner.

Catherine Hadro
Host & Producer, EWTN Pro-Life Weekly

Catherine Hadro is the host and producer of EWTN Pro-Life Weekly, an international television show dedicated to pro-life issues from a Catholic perspective. Based out of EWTN’s Washington, D.C. studio, Hadro regularly interviews politicians, Church leaders, and cultural figures on life issues ranging from conception to natural death. In its two years since its launch, EWTN Pro-Life Weekly has quickly become a go-to source for analysis on top pro-life news and issues. Prior to her current role, Hadro was a reporter, producer, and founding team member for EWTN News Nightly. In that role, she closely followed and reported on major pro-life news stories, from the House Select Panel on Infant Lives Hearings on Capitol Hill to theWhole Woman’s Health v. Hellerstedt case at the Supreme Court.

Catherine Hadro anchored EWTN’s day-long live-coverage of the 2018 and 2019 March for Life. Her writings have appeared in America Magazine, The Washington Examiner, and The National Catholic Register. In the NARAL Pro-Choice America’s 2018 report entitled “The Insidious Power of The Anti-Choice Movement”, Hadro is proud that EWTN Pro-Life Weekly is listed first under “Anti-Choice Media.”

Hadro graduated magna cum laude from Florida State University with a degree in Advertising. She currently resides in Virginia with her husband.

Rebecca Oas, Ph.D.
Associate Director of Research, Center for Family and Human Rights

Rebecca Oas is the Associate Director of Research for the Center for Family and Human Rights (C-Fam) in Washington, D.C. Before joining C-Fam, Rebecca earned her doctorate in Genetics and Molecular Biology at Emory University.  She has written for Human Life International as a Fellow of HLI America and is has served as a Contributing Editor for HLI. Among her focus areas are global maternal and child health and family planning, and her articles on these topics have appeared in such publications as the New Atlantis, the Hill, and the Christian Journal of Global Health. Rebecca is a graduate of Michigan State University and currently lives in Arlington, Virginia.

Learn about women speak 2018

Women Speak 2019 to Honor Meghan McCain



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Landmark Women’s Conference to Honor Meghan McCain for Pro-Life Advocacy in the Media

Americans United for Life will Present The View Co-Host with Inaugural “Defender of Life in the Media” Award

WASHINGTON, D.C.—Women Speak 2019, a symposium hosted by Americans United for Life (AUL), will take place on Wednesday, May 1st at The Heritage Foundation. The event will bring together experts and leaders in law, medicine, economics and the media to critically examine an idea that our political and popular culture takes for granted: that abortion is necessary for women’s advancement in society. This year, AUL will present The View co-host, Meghan McCain, with the inaugural Defender of Life in the Media Award.

AUL President & CEO Catherine Glenn Foster, says: “Americans United for Life has been continually awed by Ms. McCain’s courage in the cause for life, from backing efforts to defund Planned Parenthood to supporting the Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act. We are thrilled to present our inaugural Defender of Life in the Media Award to Ms. McCain.”

Catherine Glenn Foster adds, “It’s a simple fact that almost any time abortion is brought up, abortion activists and opponents of the human right to life claim that those who want comprehensive legal protection for all human beings are trying to ‘turn back the clock’. What we’re doing at AUL through our Women Speak symposium is just the opposite: we’re turning the clock ahead. We’re advancing human rights and supporting the most vulnerable members of our society. All Americans of goodwill need to do more to ensure women, children, and families – and our whole society – can respond with love and generosity to every human life.”

AUL is America’s first and largest pro-life legal organization. AUL’s legal strategists have been involved in every pro-life case before the U.S. Supreme Court since Roe v. Wade. Its mission is to protect and defend human life from conception to natural death through vigorous legislative, judicial and educational efforts.

WHAT: Women Speak 2019: A Symposium on Life Without Roe
WHEN: Wednesday, May 1 at 9:00 am – 12:15 pm EDT
WHERE: The Heritage Foundation
214 Massachusetts Avenue Northeast
Washington, DC 20002

CONFIRMED SPEAKERS:
Catherine Glenn Foster, President and CEO of Americans United for Life
Meghan McCain, Co-Host of The View (video address)
Helen Alvaré, Professor of Law, Antonin Scalia School of Law at George Mason University
Catherine Hadro, EWTN Pro-Life Weekly Host
Alexandra DeSanctis, National Review
Keynote: Congresswoman Vicki Hartzler (MO-4)

‘Women Speak 2019’ set for May 1st at Heritage Foundation



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WOMEN SPEAK 2019:
A SYMPOSIUM PRESENTED BY AMERICANS UNITED FOR LIFE

Landmark Women’s Conference “Turning the Clock Ahead” To Life After Roe

Register for Women Speak 2019

WASHINGTON, D.C.—Women Speak 2019 will take place on May 1st at The Heritage Foundation, bringing together experts and leaders in law, medicine, economics and the media to critically examine an idea that our political and popular culture takes for granted: that abortion is necessary for women’s advancement in society.

This is the second annual Women Speak symposium hosted by Americans United for Life (AUL), America’s first and largest pro-life legal organization. AUL’s legal strategists have been involved in every pro-life case before the U.S. Supreme Court since Roe v. Wade. Its mission is to protect and defend human life from conception to natural death through vigorous legislative, judicial and educational efforts.

Catherine Glenn Foster, AUL President & CEO says: “It’s a simple fact that almost any time abortion is brought up, abortion activists and opponents of the human right to life claim that those who want comprehensive legal protection for all human beings are trying to ‘turn back the clock’. What we’re doing at AUL through our Women Speak symposium is just the opposite: we’re turning the clock ahead. We’re bringing together a top-notch team of women experts in law, medicine, and culture to reflect on what American life will look like after Roe is consigned to the scrap heap of history.

Going forward, we will have to deconstruct the Supreme Court’s false assertion that women have a ‘reliance interest’ in abortion— and the idea that abortion has ever been necessary for women’s advancement in society. All Americans of goodwill need to do more to ensure women, children, and families —and our whole society— can respond with love and generosity to every human life.”

CONFIRMED SPEAKERS:

  • Catherine Glenn Foster, President and CEO of Americans United for Life
  • Helen Alvaré, Professor of Law, Antonin Scalia School of Law at George Mason University
  • Catherine Hadro, EWTN Pro-Life Weekly Host
  • Alexandra DeSanctis, National Review
  • Keynote Speaker: Congresswoman Vicki Hartzler (MO-4)
  • View full speaker list
Register for Women Speak 2019

AUL Files Brief Supporting Title X Rule



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Today, Americans United for Life, along with local counsel Stephen C. Whiting, filed a “friend of the court” brief on behalf of AUL in Family Planning Association of Maine v. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in the Maine district court, supporting the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) final Title X rule. 

Title X was enacted to provide financial support for health care organizations offering family planning services and statutorily prohibits funds from going to abortion. Last year, HHS proposed a rule to increase compliance with Title X’s statutory mandates by requiring physical and financial separation between abortion services and Title X projects. AUL submitted a comment in support of the proposed rule. 

The rule was finalized and published in March and is scheduled to go into effect on May 3. So far eight different groups, including Maine Family Planning (MFP), filed legal challenges against the final Title X rule, seeking to keep the rule from going into effect. 

AUL’s brief responds specifically to MFP’s novel argument that the Title X rule violates their patients’ right to abortion and is subject to the undue burden test, arguing that the right to abortion does not include a right to Title X funding and that the undue burden standard does not apply to government funding regulations such as the Title X rule. 

“Despite the fact that abortion is statutorily excluded from Title X projects and funding, Maine Family Panning somehow thinks that the rule violates their patients’ right to choose abortion. This is absurd,” said Rachel Morrison, AUL Litigation Counsel. “The right to choose an abortion is not implicated, much less infringed upon by the rule. It strains logic to think that abortion providers are entitled to Title X funding when the ‘right to abortion’ does not include a right to government funding.” 

The Maine district court will hear oral argument on MFP’s request on April 24, 2019, and the court is expected make a decision by May 3. 

Testimony on Delaware H.B. 53, the Woman’s Ultrasound Right to Know Act



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Testimony of Catherine Glenn Foster, M.A., J.D.

On H.B. 53

Submitted to the House Health and Human Development Committee

April 17, 2019

Dear Chair Bentz and Members of the Committee:

My name is Catherine Glenn Foster, and I serve as President and CEO of Americans United for Life (AUL), America’s original and most active pro-life advocacy organization. Founded in 1971, two years before the Supreme Court’s decision in Roe v. Wade, AUL has dedicated nearly 50 years to advocating for comprehensive legal protections for human life from conception to natural death.

I write to strongly support H.B. 53, which would require a physician to offer a patient ultrasound imaging and auscultation of fetal heart tone services before terminating a pregnancy and would provide civil and criminal penalties for the failure of a physician to comply with this requirement. The patient is free to choose not to view the ultrasound or listen to the heartbeat.

Ultrasound laws—or the lack thereof—have had a deep impact on my life. In 2001, when I was a sophomore at college in Georgia, I found myself unexpectedly pregnant. By default, I scheduled an appointment at an abortion facility. At the time, I wasn’t aware of any other type of clinic to turn to with an unexpected pregnancy and that might truly help women and girls with life-affirming choices, and knew of nowhere else to go. But I assumed the facility would at least provide me with the information, resources, and answers I was looking for as I decided what my next steps would be.

As clinic staff performed an ultrasound on me, I asked to see the image. I wanted to be able to make a fully informed decision, and I wanted to be able to see my child. But the woman who was maneuvering the wand over my belly said no. She told me it was against clinic policy to allow a mother to see the ultrasound image of her baby. And with that, they moved me on to the next work station in the assembly-line process towards abortion.

I walked into that clinic because I felt I had no other choice, and nothing that took place there that day restored my agency or my empowerment. I was deeply conflicted, looking for information and resources to give me hope and options, but was given neither. I have never been able to see my child’s only photo, and that fact remains on my mind to this day. That clinic stripped me of my choice. When we as a society do not ensure that abortion facilities provide women and girls with the information they have asked for, it can have devastating consequences. I know that firsthand.

With each passing year, more and more women like me emerge from the silence after abortion. They are wounded and speak out in anguish on the physical, emotional, spiritual, and psychological harm they have suffered and still suffer as a direct result of their abortions. Often, this harm arises as a consequence of women “choosing” abortion without adequate and accurate information concerning the procedure itself and abortion’s risks, alternatives, and long-term consequences. Our experiences reflect the fact that abortion facilities often fail to provide adequate and accurate medical information, including access to and the option of viewing ultrasounds, to women considering abortions.

States have the constitutional power to take measures that can prevent the harm women often experience as a result of abortion by passing comprehensive and carefully drafted informed consent laws. Ultrasound requirements, like H.B. 53, that provide a woman the option to see her unborn child and hear his or her heartbeat are concrete, effective steps states can take to ensure that the mother’s consent for an abortion is as fully informed as possible. In Planned Parenthood v. Casey, the U.S. Supreme Court stated that “[a]s with any medical procedure, the State may enact regulations to further the health or safety of a woman seeking an abortion.”[1] As such, over 25 states have enacted ultrasound requirements to ensure women have the opportunity to make a fully informed choice.[2]

Ultrasound provisions both promote the woman’s physical and psychological health and advance the states’ important and legitimate interest in protecting life.[3] Ultrasound requirements serve an essential and irreplaceable medical purpose in that they are the only method of diagnosing ectopic pregnancies, which, if left undiagnosed, can result in infertility or even fatal blood loss.[4] Furthermore, an ultrasound enables the healthcare provider to more accurately date the gestational age of a child. Accurate dating of pregnancy both protects the woman by ensuring that the appropriate abortion procedure is performed and provides relevant information necessary to make an informed decision, since the risks of abortion increase as gestational age increases.[5]

Allowing a woman the opportunity to view her ultrasound helps ensure an informed choice because it gives the mother the option of seeing her unborn child as he or she really is—by seeing his or her form and face on a screen and by hearing his or her heartbeat. Medical evidence indicates that women feel bonded to their children after seeing them on the ultrasound screen.[6] Once that bond is established, researchers argue, a woman no longer feels ambivalent toward her pregnancy and in fact begins to feel invested in her preborn child.[7] And thus, by giving every woman the choice to view her child’s ultrasound image, the State also furthers its interest in protecting life, as some women may ultimately decide to carry their child to term. In fact, a recent study found that 78% of women who see an ultrasound image of their infant in utero choose life for their baby.[8]

Today, this Committee has an opportunity to take an important step toward ensuring the women of Delaware are not denied vital information like I was, but instead empowered to make a fully informed decision. When an ultrasound is medically required for abortion for the reasons I’ve discussed, why not insist that the abortion provider give the patient the most important information conceivable – the very image and sounds from her own body that speak to the real nature of the human life within her? I strongly encourage you to pass H.B. 53 to give women the option of viewing an ultrasound and to consider additional ways to utilize ultrasounds to protect women’s physical and psychological health.

Sincerely,

Catherine Glenn Foster
President & CEO
Americans United for Life

[1] 505 U.S. 833, 878 (1992).

[2] Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

[3] In both Gonzales v. Carhart and Planned Parenthood v. Casey, the Supreme Court affirmed “the principle that the State has legitimate interests from the outset of pregnancy in protecting the health of the woman.” Gonzales, 550 U.S. 124, 145 (2007) (quoting Casey, 505 U.S. at 846 (1992) (citing Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973))).

[4] See, e.g., Mayo Clinic, Ectopic Pregnancy, http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ectopic-pregnancy/basics/complications/con-20024262 (last visited Jan. 30, 2019).

[5] See, e.g., John M. Thorp Jr., Public Health Impact of Legal Termination of Pregnancy in the U.S.: 40 Years Later, 2012 Scientifica (Oct. 15, 2012), https://www.hindawi.com/journals/scientifica/2012/980812/.

[6] See J. C. Fletcher & M. I. Evans, Maternal Bonding in Early Fetal Ultrasound Examinations, 308 N.E.J.M. 392 (1983).

[7] Id. at 392.

[8] Thomas A. Glessner, National Survey of Prolife Pregnancy Centers Shows Major Influence of Ultrasound on a Mother’s Choice for Life, Christian News Wire (Mar. 3, 2015), https://bit.ly/2tHbopX (Survey of 75,318 ultrasounds performed for pregnant patients identified as either abortion-minded or abortion- vulnerable; 58,634 chose to allow their children to live, about 78%.).